The Frequency and Distribution of Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients Admitted to one of the Selected Hospitals of Police Force

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and the sexual and age distribution of modifiable risk factors associated with acute coronary syndrome in patients admitted to one of the selected hospitals of police force.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all patients admitted to CCU of one of the selected hospitals of police force with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome during 2017-18. Baseline data on patients including sex, age, risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, opium use, and obesity) were collected. T-test and chi-squared test were respectively used for quantitative and qualitative variables comparison using SPSS 23. Finally, comparing the frequency of modifiable risk factors among the similar population in Iran and Turkey as well as population without acute coronary syndrome was done.

A total of 612 patients with acute coronary syndrome with mean age of 62.60±11.88 years (range 27 to 93 years) were enrolled that 349 persons(57.0%) were male. Hypertension (66.2%), hyperlipidemia (43.1%) and diabetes mellitus (42.0%) were the most common risk factors in the present study, respectively. There was a significant but inverse correlation between age and BMI (r=-0.179; p<0.001). The frequency of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity was significantly different from similar populations in Turkey and those without acute coronary syndrome in Iran. The frequency of hypertension and obesity was also significantly increased in the population with acute coronary syndrome in Iran, but hyperlipidemia and diabetes were not significantly different.

The most common modifiable cardiovascular factors among the selected population were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity. All four risk factors are more common in women than in men. Cigarette smoking and obesity are more common in younger patients and hypertensive in older patients.