A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE "JIZYAH" IN THE QURANIC ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LEIDEN

The present study analyzes and criticizes the article of jizyah (poll tax) by Paul Hack, an American orientalist in the Leiden’s Quranic Encyclopedia. The author has examined the dimensions of jizyah such as origin, payers, instances and the reason of revelation of the jizya verse and its purpose. This is a matter of jurisprudence.  In spite of the author's commendable report and valuable material in the above article, his writing has also been criticized. He views Jizi's origin outside of Islam, and his philosophy of legislation as one of the substitutes for the financial loss caused by the expulsion of the polytheists from Mecca, and once again a sign of obeisance to the rulers, and ultimately a tax on the preservation of the Islamic faith. He has also called the turmoil in the cases liable to the jizya due to the behavior of one of the caliphs a change in the Islamic rule after the desease of the Prophet (peace be upon him).Due to the necessity of responding to the doubts of the Orientalists regarding the economic precepts of Islam and the insight of Muslims against these doubts, further research has been carried out. In criticizing the contents of this entry, Hack’s claim was criticized about the issue of jizyah in the present day, arguing for the views of Muslim scholars, especially Shiite elders, as well as scholars in the field of Islamic economics, which the author has overlooked.