The potential of EMS mutagen on increasing tolerability and remediation Cd of Spartium junceum callus as an ornamental shrub

In vitro mutagenesis has been applied for the selection of plants tolerant to stress including heavy metal stress. The objective of the present study was to induce in vitro mutation on increasing tolerability and remediation evaluation using EMS in calli of Spartium junceum L. In the first experiment, calli initiated were exposed to cadmium. Result showed that the callus growth parameters decreased with increasing Cd concentrations in medium. In presence of Cd, contents of secondary metabolites including total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols, increased compared with control. Cd accumulation in callus increased with increasing Cd concentrations. The highest Cd accumulation was found 791.33 mg Cd kg-1 of dry weight at 40 mgL-1 Cd. The In the second experiment, calli were treated with 0.2% EMS for 10 minutes. Afterward, the treated calli were sub-cultured to medium supplemented with 0 and 10 mgL-1 Cd. Results showed that the growth of the calli treated by EMS decreased but the activities of non- enzymatic antioxidant compared with control. The application EMS was not increased Cd accumulation while tolerance index calli of Spartium junceum.