Effects of Electrocauterization Smoke on Nasal Mucosa in Rats

Electrocautery unite is used for vascular homeostasis. Despite the advantage of electrocautery in surgical interventions, it has several disadvantages such as pulmonary respiratory disorders, emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Given the above-mentioned explanation, the present study investigated the effects of electrocauterization smoke on rat nasal mucosa.

Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=5) for three-time phases. Smoke was produced by the electrocauterization of an anesthetized rat within the smoke chamber and then smoke was entered into the test chamber containing the experimental rats. Finally, rats were anesthetized and the nasal mucosa was dissected under a stereomicroscope. After Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, the samples were impartially evaluated by a pathologist, followed by comparing the frequency of complications between different groups. Eventually, the TUNEL (The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) technique was utilized to investigate the apoptosis.

Pathological studies showed complications such as vascular congestion, epithelial vacuolation, acute inflammation, and the presence of necrotic cells. In addition, statistical analysis indicated that the rate of vascular congestion, acute inflammation, and inflammation in glands in the second and third phases of the study significantly increased compared to the control group. Further, the difference between the experimental groups was only significant when the first phase was compared with the second (P<0.05). However, the rate of epithelial vacuolation and the presence of necrotic cells demonstrated no significant increase in comparison to the control group. Contrarily, the numerical density of apoptotic cells significantly increased within the respiratory epithelium and submucosal glands of experimental rats (P < 0.05).

The results of this study indicated that short-term exposure to electrocauterization smoke has no specific effect, but longer duration of smoke exposure can damage the rat nasal mucosa.