Dietary Patterns and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Tehranian Adults with High Blood Pressure

Although high blood pressure is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), it remains unclear whether diet can still influence the risk of CKD in adults with high blood pressure.

This study aimed at investigating the association between major dietary patterns and the incidence of CKD in adults with high blood pressure.

In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1,521 subjects aged ≥ 27 years with high blood pressure and with preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline, who participated in the fourth examination survey of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The principal component analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. High blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 120, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80, or the current use of antihypertensive drugs. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between the dietary pattern scores and CKD risk.

After 3.6 years of follow-up, the incidence of CKD was 16.8%. Three dietary patterns were produced by using factor analysis, including the Western, the healthy, and the traditional Iranian dietary patterns. The healthy and the traditional Iranian dietary patterns were not related to the risk of CKD, but scoring on the Western dietary pattern was associated with enhanced odds of CKD, after being adjusted for relevant confounders (odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.19 - 3.76).

Results of this study provided evidence that a high score on the Western dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of CKD in adults with high blood pressure.