Modernization in the Qajar era and United Kingdom intervention

When did renovation start in Iran? Has modernization in Iranian history been a natural process that is the product of normal and indigenous social, economic, and political developments, or has it been an imposed phenomenon? Many Western historians see the beginning of the process of Renovation or modernization since the beginning of the Pahlavi dynasty as the natural process of the evolution of Iranian society This article tries to prove through a descriptive and explanatory study using library and documentary method, evidence and economic and social changes and evidences, that although the process of modernization of Iranian society was natural before Pahlavi period, especially from the beginning of Qajar dynasty, But the Qajar era began and continued without regard to the identity and social foundations of Iran under the guidance, control and intervention of the colonial countries, especially Britain, and with the help of some social groups such as the courtiers, intellectuals, Freemasons, as well as non-native dependent capitalism. This trend has deepened instability and economic dependence in the Qajar period and after.