The sociological criticism of Ala Asvani's novel "Chicago" based on the theory of generative structuralism

Social criticism is one of the new theoretical frameworks that have emerged in literature. It seeks to shed light on the link between the literary text and the community and considers that the society influences the author. This influence leads to the creation of literary effects that are associated with the society and culture in which the text is born. Literary works also affect the society in different ways. George Lochatch and Lucian Goldman are among the most important theoreticians of this theory. In this regard, the present study seeks to analyze the novel "Chicago" written by Alaa Asvani. The results show that Asvani, influenced by the Egyptian society and the prevailing social conditions in Egypt during the presidency of Hosni Mubarak, has tried to address the obstacles and problems facing Egyptian intellectuals inside and outside Egypt. He then analyzes and reviews these problems. Asvani's novels, including "Chicago", play an important role in enlightening Egyptians and revolutionizing Egypt.