Effects of Bacteria and Vermicompost on Morphological Characteristics and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Sustainable Agricultural Systems

Investigating the microbes and interactions of the beneficial symbiotic relationships between the components of the system ecology in the food chains and life cycles is one of the modern sustainable agriculture topics. In this regard, to evaluate the effects of bacteria and vermicompost on morphological characteristics and yield of soybean an experiment was conducted as split plot in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Main plots of experiment were at two levels including the non-use and the use of bacteria and the subplots were at three levels including the non-use of vermicompost (control), the use of 5 tons of vermicompost per acre and the use of 10 tons of vermicompost per acre. The results of mean comparison showed that the treatment including 10 tons of vermicompost had the highest amount of oil content (11%) and the lowest amount was obtained from the treatment including use of 5 tons with the amount of 9.77%. Increasing the seed growing and filling period led to obtain the highest amount of seed yield with the amount of 1699 kg ha while the lowest amount of seed yield was obtained from the treatment including non-use of vermicompost with the amount of 1419 kg ha. The use of bacteria compared with non-use of it led to obtain the highest amount of seed yield with the amount of 1636 kg ha while non-use of bacteria had the lowest amount of seed yield with the amount of 1443 kg ha. Also, the results showed that the plants at the flowering stage had the highest amount of relative water content and chlorophyll of leaf by use of 10 tons of vermicompost while in the seed filling stage the treatment including the use of 5 tons of vermicompost had the highest amount of RWC.