A Study of “Citizenship Education” on the Curriculum: Research Synthesis of the Relative Studies in two Recent Decades

The purpose of this research is to synthesize a number of studies that focus on citizenship education in curriculum in different countries. To this end, international research studies have been systematically selected, structured, and categorized using the method of Researchsynthesis, international studies on the amount of attention and allocation of concepts related to citizenship education in curriculum. At the screening stage, 11 studies that have these features have been selected and synthesized from their findings based on the principles of data integration, rethinking and rearrangement. The results of the research show that the important environmental factors that have been addressed in the overall structure of citizenship education curricula are historical traditions, geographic location, socio-political structure, economic system and global trends. Another part of the results is that citizenship education in the curriculum of some countries is based on the expression of minor cultural values, as well as national laws, and in others, they are neutral to values. Finally, the results indicate that citizenship education in the curriculum consists of three layers: education about citizenship; education through citizenship and education for citizenship.