Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful method for investigating various electrochemical systems. The technic involves application of a small amplitude alternative current (AC) perturbation to the electrochemical system and recording its response, and therefore it is considered a non-destructive monitoring technic. This article describes the scientific fundamentals for the EIS method, instrumentation of the method, especially different electrode configurations (2 or 3 electrode systems and comb-shaped or interdigitated electrodes), and also various fields where corrosion monitoring and analysis has been carried out by EIS. These include: atmospheric corrosion, concrete corrosion, analysis of performance of surface films and coatings, study of inhibitors, high temperature corrosion and oxidation, corrosion in gas and oil industries, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The most recently published literature has been surveyed and typical equivalent circuit models, capabilities of the EIS technic and limitations of the technic are highlighted for each application. This article is a free translation and re-composition of two chapters about IES from references [1] and [2].
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