Evolution of Mazandaran Rural Cultural Landscape During the First Pahlavi Era

The first Pahlavi era is a turning point in the historical geography of Mazandaran in the view of landscape school. Major changes occurred in different parts of the geographical landscape of Mazandaran during this period. Urban livelihoods and morphology evolved, modern reforms took place in agriculture and industry and also the rural cultural landscape changed a great deal. The evolution of rural cultural landscape was influenced by various factors. Research findings indicate that modernization of agriculture, creation of railways, industry, and especially fisheries and rural migration which were influenced by various factors, were the most important components of evolving rural cultural landscape during the first Pahlavi era.