Critique and Analysis of Deception in Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī and Shahnameh

The deception and behavior of the deceivers is clearly evident in two Persian precious and artistic books "Shahnameh" and "Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī”. Trickery has been applied in the epic-mythological and historical sections of "Shahnameh", which seems to be most frequent in its epic section with personal, human and national motives and goals. In spite of negative connotation of deception and trickery, its positive aspects and concepts can be seen in "Shahnameh”. Is the deception due to the behavior of influential political figures such as Mahmoud, Massoud and Bu Sahl and etc.... who were powerful and governor in a specific era deceived and managed to prevent chaos? or Mahmoudians who developed anxiety and instability by deceiving and tricking Masoud fans and followers.