The Assessment of Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Participation Constraints in Ski Questionnaire in Tehran Province

The current study aimed at evaluating the reliability and validity of the Persian version of 'Participation Constraints in Ski' questionnaire in Tehrani skiers. The population of the study consisted of all skiers in Tehran and as the total population exceeded 10000 subjects, 370 skiers were selected as the sample using Morgan Table and 362 reliable questionnaires were analyzed. Wei (2008) questionnaire was used to assess the questionnaire. The items of this questionnaire reduced to 17 after the questionnaire was translated, retranslated and localized according to Iran culture and they were classified into four general factors )intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, relatives and friends constraints, structural constraints). Face and content validities were verified by 11 sport management professors in sport tourism field and experts of psychometry. Cronbach's alpha was used to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.95). The results from the t-value and correlations showed that there was a significant relationship between all items and the factors they described. Moreover, the results from the second-order factor analysis indicated a significant relationship between 4 main factors and the concept of 'skiers’ constraints'. Besides, all 17 items supported these factors and confirmed the instrument’s factor structure and validity.