Non-criminal types of environmental violations in the oil and gas industry

Following the devastating and irreversible effects of oil and gas industry activities around the world, as well as the increasing use of fossil fuels that have brought widespread risks to the environment and human health, governments and the international community are seeking solutions for Cope with this environmental challenge. Although one of the solutions seems to be criminal suppressive measures, but considering the lack of impact of the penalties on the recovery of some previous injuries, the importance of preventive non-criminal measures that prior to the occurrence of such hazards is a strategic priority. Given that Iran is one of the major countries in the extraction and extraction of hydrocarbon resources, the feasibility of such non-criminal measures makes the preventive study of special importance. Failure to comply with the scientific rules for the extraction and extraction of these resources can contaminate the soil, aquatic and aerial environments and may pose immense challenges to the environment as well as the various organisms present in the environment. The occurrence of some destructive effects such as air pollution, respiratory problems, destruction and environmental pollution, etc. in some areas of Iran, especially the oil wells and gas resources in the south of the country, is an undeniable problem. The main reasons for such risks from oil and gas pollution can be attributed to the lack of scientific rules regarding the production and refining and utilization of oil and gas hydrocarbon resources as well as the mismanagement and lack of reducing and controlling strategies of these activities. Non-criminal confrontation has the capability of design. The key question of this paper is therefore, what are the non-criminal strategies for preventing and confronting environmental hazards in the oil and gas industry and what is the impact of these strategies on preventing environmental degradation? Obliging to maintain standards for oil and gas extraction compliance with standards, as well as frequent monitoring of the health of activities and permissions in issuing instructions, can have a significant impact on risk reduction. In addition, since non-criminal measures are the basis for effective pre-emptive control and oversight, it can be possible to enhance the effectiveness of non-criminal strategies by enhancing the participatory activity of NGOs. On this basis, risk knowledge, while combining the study of the adverse effects of the past as well as paying attention to the future full of risks arising from the activities of the oil and gas industry, gives non-criminal measures a more practical application.