Factors Affecting Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease which has high morbidity and mortality rates every year. Indonesia has 10.3 million people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2017 and becomes the top country for DM worldwide. This study assessed factors affecting fasting blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM. Totally, 210 patients with T2DM participated in a cross sectional study. Inclusion criteria were patients suffering from T2DM aged 20-60 years old and lived in Purbalingga and Banjarnegara regencies. Nutritional status was determined using body weight and height, psychological stress by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), smoking habit by a questionnaire and intake of potassium using a 24 hour recall questionnaire. Blood glucoselevels were measured by hexokinase method. A correlation between BMI (P=0.02), smoking habits (P=0.04) and potassium intake (P=0.02) with fasting blood glucose levels was noted in T2DM patients; whereas, psychological stress (P=0.85) was not correlated with fasting blood glucose levels. These findings revealed that body mass index (BMI), smoking habits and potassium intake had positive correlation with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM.