The Review and Analysis of Difficult Couplets of One of Khaqani’s Odes with the Commitment on using ‘Sobh’

Khāqāni Shirwāni, is one of the best poets who created a new form and style in Persian literature by his unique features. Some of the features are utilizing the maximum of linguistic and literary capacities, having complete knowledge of all kinds of sciences of his age and using them artistically in a poem, exact descriptions, new kinds of imagination, and making delicate links and relations. These special features have, of course, added to the complexity and difficulty of his poems. For this reason, the appearance of all the hidden points and the literary and technical beauty of his poetry requires the reader's diligence and endeavor. Due to this fact, various interpretations have been written on his Divan (collection). Nevertheless, problems in his poems have not been solved yet. One of his odes, which has difficult couplets, is the one in the praise of Khāqān-e Akbar Manoochehr Shirvānshāh, and the closure of Bāqlāni dam by use of ‘Sobh’ in each couplet. In this study, while investigating and criticizing all the previous interpretations, we have decided to take another step towards eliminating the poetry complexities and clarifying Khāqāni's words by studying and analyzing nine difficult couplets of this ode.