The Study of Badr Shaker Al-Sayab's Ode "al-Momes al-Amia" Evolutionary Structural Critique

As one of the most prominent branches of social criticism of literature, evolutionary structural critique, developed in the theories of György Lukács and Louisan Goldman, believes that social consciousness and thinking is the creator of a literary work and that the writer merely coheres and organizes this consciousness and thinking. The entirety of a literary work thus reflects on and represents the recurrent social problems under the shadow of social, political, economic statuses and the poet's world views and mindsets. Badr Shaker Al-Sayab (1926-1964), the recent Iraqi poet, joined the Communist Party, mostly adhered to the theories and world views of the party in his works. In this paper, using a descriptive-analytic approach, we analyzed the ode "Al-Momes Al-Amia" based on the evolutionary structural critique in two stages of understanding and interpretation. This paper seeks to provide answers to the following questions: what relation is dominant between the totality of the above-said ode, poet's individual world views and social problems and issues? What problems and issues are reflected in this ode and what is the poet's stance taking to solve the problems? The findings of the study indicate that the entire structure of the story including characters, setting, events, etc., serves to criticize the social problems of Iraqi society during World War II. The poet employs this structure to cohere and unite the insights of Marxism. The occupation of Iraq, despotism, colonialism, corruption, economic, social and individual crises are among problems that the poets invoke to the creation of consciousness, the revolution of the next generation, and religious discourse to solve them.