Concept of nature in literary schools of classicism, romanticism, naturalism and symbolism and its reflection in modern Persian poetry

Each literary movement or school has presented a unique definition for nature and so we are confronted with plenty of perspectives. This difference in perspectives is pronounced more in schools of classicism, romanticism, naturalism and symbolism. These movements are characterized by ‘high regard for nature’, ‘to follow and imitate the nature’s way’ and ‘focus on nature’, and thus, led to misinterpretation and wrong results in analyses. This study examines the different perceptions of nature and how it is viewed in each of these artistic and literary schools and explores the concept of ‘nature’ by providing the examples from each of them. Then, comparing the concept of nature with poems of modern Persian poets, it will try to make an accurate classification in which each poet is attributed to his own naturalistic perspective.