The use of bioinformatics and molecular cytogenetic method to investigate the chromosomal abnormalities of induced skin cancer cells in SD rats

One of the most important research objectives in the field of cancer is the discovery of chromosomal changes involved in the formation of neoplastic cells and malignant tumors. According to the country report, skin cancer in Iran is ranked first among Iranian's women. In this research, we will study skin induced skin cancer in SD mice and will report similar areas in human chromosomes and also the most important candidate genes in those regions.

In this study, SD rats were used as an animal model for induction of skin cancer in which 10 mg of carcinogens DMBA soluble in sesame oil were injected subcutaneously to rats. The tumors were obtained for cell culture and the preparation of meta-phasic chromosomes. After staining with GTG method, banding chromosomes in meta-phasic stage were compared with the normal rats' ideogram. By examining metaphase chromosomes, the most common chromosomal changes were recorded between chromosomal sets. Based on their changes and location and with the help of databases, a list of genes and their possible role were made according to the genomic comparison method between rats and humans.

The results of the chromosomal changes included a wide range of abnormalities, and clearly, fragments of chromosomes number 5, 8 and 9 were eliminated, and also parts of chromosome number 7 were subject to chromosomal structural addition. Also, using the cytogenetic molecular method of the FISH, reduction of copy numbers in the CDKN2B and KLF4 genes was shown in the chromosome 5 of the treated rats.

Through using genomic comparison methods and studying scientific articles about the genes based on modified chromosomal regions, it is suggested that the genes including CASP9, CDC2L1 CNR2, DFFA, DFFA, CCND3, EEF1A1, ASAP1, PTK2, DAG1, GPX1, MLH1, TGFBR2, TUSC2, KLF4, SLC31A1, CDKN2B, ELAVL2 and FANCG may be one of the most important genes in the development of skin cancer in our model, so this group of genes and related genes are suggested for more and more accurate studies.