Prevalence of Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. Thismight help showing which comorbidity might pose the patients at risk of more severe symptoms.

We searched all relevant databases on April 7th, 2020 using the keywords (“novel coronavirus” OR COVID-19OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus) AND (comorbidities OR clinical characteristics OR epidemiologic*). We reviewed 33papers’ full text out of 1053 papers. There were 32 papers from China and 1 from Taiwan. There was no language orstudy level limit. Prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chroniclung disease, chronic kidney disease, malignancies, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic liver disease and smoking wereextracted to measure the pooled estimates. We used OpenMeta and used random-effect model to do a single armmeta-analysis.

The mean age of the diagnosed patients was 51 years. The male to female ratio was 55 to 45. The mostprevalent finding in the confirmed COVID-19 patients was hypertension, which was found in 1/5 of the patients (21%).Other most prevalent finding was diabetes mellitus (DM) in 11%, cerebrovascular disease in 2.4%, cardiovasculardisease in 5.8%, chronic kidney disease in 3.6%, chronic liver disease in 2.9%, chronic pulmonary disease in 2.0%,malignancy in 2.7%, and smoking in 8.7% of the patients.

COVID-19 infection seems to be affecting every race, sex, age, irrespective of health status. The risk ofsymptomatic and severe disease might be higher due to the higher age which is usually accompanied with comorbidities.However, comorbidities do not seem to be the prerequisite for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection, excepthypertension.Level of evidence: IV