The Effect of Applying Methods, Concentration and Fe sources on the Amount of Some Microelements and the Stability of the Plasma Membrane of Sorghum Plant

The importance of agriculture has been revealed for all human societies more than ever before as the population grows. Ferrum element is one of the vital elements for plant growth and its presence is essential for plant metabolism and physiological processes of the plant. In the present study, we tried to study the stability of plasma membrane against the entry of the elements into it and the resistance of the plant to the stresses on the inner membrane of the plant, which is the amount of applied Fe levels in addition to studying the concentration of microelements in the root and shoot of the plant. The purpose of this study is to compare Fe resources intake and its interaction with the concentration and type of applied fertilizer on the concentration of microelements and the stability of the plasma membrane of the sorghum plant.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications in the educational greenhouse of Zabol University in order to studying the use of Ferrum sources on the characteristics of Sorghum plant (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench. Var. Speed feed). The treatments consisted of two Ferrum levels (soil application: 0.270, 0.405 mg per kg of soil and spraying: 0.25 and 0.5 g of Fe per liter, along with control) from five sources of fertilizer (Iron chelate, ferrous sulphate, Green nano Fe (include 9% Fe), Polymeric Iron chelate, Polymeric ferrous sulphate).

The results of analysis of variance of data show that the triple interaction of all traits (except for the Cu of shoot that had no significant difference) and the dual interaction effects of Cu in the root of the plant have been statistically significant at the 5% probability level. The percentage of PMSI of the root (5.06 times) in the soil application of 0.270 mg.kg-1 Iron chelate and the concentration of Zn of the root (6.99 times) at the level of 0.405 mg.kg-1 in Green nano Fe (include 9% Fe) treatment were significantly higher than control. The total chlorophyll content (75.95%), the percentage of leaf PMSI (6.33 times), and Fe concentration in the shoot (1.99 times) had significant increase in the Polymeric Iron chelate, Green nano Fe and Polymeric ferrous sulphate respectively and the concentration of Zn in the shoots showed significant decrease (75.05%) in Iron chelate treatment in the spraying of iron sources at a level of 0.25 g.L-1. The concentration of Mn was significantly decreased in the shoot (30.67%) and in the root (37.46%) in Polymeric Iron chelate and Iron chelate respectively and the concentration of Fe in the root (47.86%) showed significant increase in polymeric ferrous sulfate treatment compared to control at the level of 0.5 g.L-1. According to the results, the highest concentrations of Cu in the root were observed in the green nano spray application.

In general, according to the results, the effects of Fe a sources on the physiological characteristics of sorghum and plant PMSI were evaluated positive and confirms the positive effect of the spraying of all Fe sources on the traits of PMSI root and leaf, total chlorophyll and Fe concentration in the shoot and root.