Military _security requirements of Caspian sea from historical perspective From Safavi period to Aktau 2018 convention

The imposition of power and security _military usage of the Caspian sea, particularly after the Soviet union collapse, has been a serious security challenge for countries around it such as the Islamic republic of Iran.  Due to the importance of military _security history of the Caspian sea to understand it's present position geopolitically and geostrategicaly, the present research aims to investigate the military _security evolution ruling on the Caspian sea from Safavi period to the conclusion of Aktau 2018 convention in a descriptive _analytical method using library sources. It also assesses the most important military _security aspects of the related convention. In this regard, the mentioned history will be divdied into 2 main parts based on which the paper will advance: from Safavid period to the collapse of Russia to Aktau convention in 2018. The study of this historical process showed that we are witnessing a shift from unilateralism  to multilateralism in military _security context in the scope of Caspian sea.  A movement based on and as a result of which Aktau 2018 convention was concluded between coastal states of Caspian sea.  This convention is a security _based document that potentially can be used in order to terminate  unilateralism of some countries in the region and military presence of non_Caspian states.