The role of Court in Discovering the Cause of Action in Slamic Jurisprudence, Iranian and French Law

Under Iranian Civil Procedure Act, claimant, when making Action, has to determine the cause of his/her Action. While according to the paramount opinion in Shiit Jurisprudence, principally the whole Actions have to be heard even when cause of Action has not indicated. From this view point, as a rule, it is the court that is bound, at the commencement of hearing, to explore the cause of Action and on that basis, makes judicial decision. By accepting this opinion which has been applied in some court's decisions, in addition to respecting the fourth principle of Iranian Constitution, it is possible to transfer the subject of determination and achievement of cause of Action, from the section of formal conditions of petition to the section of hearing bars which naturally results in changing the decision making authority from court clerk to judge. In French law, although the phrase "cause of Action" has not been used and defined in civil procedure Act and jurist has expressed different opinions in the matter, according to that Act, claimant is obliged to indicate legal and subjective bases of Action.