Assessment of Spatial-Temporal Changes in Coastal Cities of Khuzestan Province Using Land Scale Marks

Landscape is an arrangement in which a combination of local ecosystems or land uses is repeated in a similar region (Apan, Raine, & Paterson, 2002). The landscape of the land is a dynamic system and humans are constantly influenced by it. Depending on the severity of the impact on human landscape, the pressure and changes that occur will result in a change in landscape over time (Gökyer, 2013). Landscape around the world is changing rapidly due to urbanization and population growth (Karami &Jurisprudence, 2011). A major concern of this rapid development is its profound impact on urban ecosystems and biodiversity due to fragmentation. This has increased interest among ecology researchers to study the structure of urban landscapes and the environmental implications of physical urban development (Fan & Myint, 2017). The purpose of this study is to examine the trend of spatial-temporal change over the last 20 years (from 1998 to 2018). In Abadan, Mahshahr, Bandar Imam Khomeini (RA) and Kharshamr coastal cities, for the first time, using land use metrics to analyze and provide strategies and strategies for improving quality planning.

The research method is quantitative and the logic is inductive. The research approach is descriptive and is used to understand the nature of the topic. Data were collected through Landsat satellite imagery from two years 2018 and 1998 captured by OLI and MSS5 sensors with a resolution of 30 m, which transformed Landsat 8 satellite image to 15 m in ENVI 5.3 software. To extract the land cover map and detect changes in classification images, the images were categorized into four main classes (residential), vegetated areas, wetlands (rivers), and Bayer according to land cover. Fragstats software was then used to extract land cover measurements at two levels of the classroom and the simulator. A total of 8 landscapes were quantified by land landscape quantification.

The area and the percentage of land cover coverage in the classrooms have increased in each of the four cities over the past four years, with the addition of residential areas. Vegetation land use in two cities of Khorramshahr and Abadan has been decreasing, while in two cities of Imam Khomeini Port and Mahshahr Port it has been increasing. The highest change in the number of spots during this time period was due to the class of residential areas, indicating an increase in fragmentation, congestion, and disturbance in the land resulting from the expansion of residential areas. The decline in the largest blotch indicates the destruction of vegetation and wildlife classes due to increased urbanization. This is more severe in Abadan and Khorramshahr than in Bandaram Khomeini and Mahshahr. The effect of fragmentation of landscape in Abadan City is visible with increasing stain density and fringe density. In all four cities, vegetation cover was higher than residential areas, which means that vegetation margins were more frequently treated. Another point to note is that the amount of margin density in Khorramshahr City did not increase during the period under study, whereas it had a decreasing trend in all four classes. However, the other three cities had an increasing trend. The patch density index varied across the four cities; therefore, in Abadan and Khorramshahr all classes in the residential class in the study period followed an increasing trend, indicating an increase in land fragmentation in this city. In Mahshahr and Bandaram Khomeini, all four classes have had an increasing trend.
At the landscape level of Abadan, landscape has aggregation, attrition and dissection. Attrition index corresponds to wastewater and water resources classes, aggregation index to urban areas and dissection index to vegetation areas in the region. I the port city of Imam Khomeini there are two indicators of aggregation and attrition. The attrition index corresponds to the Bay Area and the aggregation index to the vegetation use and residential areas.
Khorramshahr has landscapes of creation, attrition and dissection. The attrition index corresponds to Bayer, creation index (number and area of patches) to residential areas and water resources, and the dissection index to vegetation area in the region. Attrition index corresponds to waste land and water resources, the creation index to vegetation cover, and the aggregation index to the residential area.

The purpose of this study is to investigate land use changes in Abadan, Khorramshahr, Bandaram Khomeini (Rah) and Mahshahr ports in four coastal and industrial cities of Khuzestan Province using land use measures. The present results can be used as a suitable approach to study the trend of land cover changes in the four cities studied and a road map for formulating long-term plans. Given the uncontrolled growth of residential and agricultural land over the past twenty years, to prevent further damage and to preserve cover. It is also suggested to model the development of cities in the southern provinces of the country based on different development scenarios and its results to be used for better decision making in urban development management and planning.