A Study on the Inefficiency of Human striving Against Divine grace in tht Manṭiq-aṭ-Ṭayr and Moṣībat-Nāma of ʿAṭṭār
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Article Type:
Research/Original Article (دارای رتبه معتبر)
Abstract:
In ʿAṭṭār's mystical thought, Divine Grace as a special blessing is rooted in God’s willingness that Attar called it "Azal-ul-Āzāl" or "Piṣan" (beginning of beginnings). The present study attempts to clarify the relationship between Divine grace and human striving in tht Manṭiq-aṭ-Ṭayr and Moṣībat-Nāma of ʿAṭṭār. Is man's spiritual happiness obtained from divine grace or from my efforts? ʿAṭṭār, on the one hand, considers the Divine grace as a pure gift, and believes that the honorary rank which one attains through the glance of favor, cannot be acquired by means of any act of obedience. But On the other hand, he emphasizes that acts of obedience are necessary. Therefore, human beings must take measures to attain God’s mercy and compassion, and through acts of obedience they must endeavor to show themselves worthy of God’s glance of mercy. How can we reconcile these two paradoxical approaches? If Divine grace is a pure gift from God, then what is the value of human effort? Analyses made in this paper, show: in ʿAṭṭār's thought, the "human striving" is not "cause" of God’s grace. But it is indispensable "pre-condition" for Divine grace. Accordingly, every Ddivine grace is accompanied by effort, but not every effort is accompanied by divine grace. In ʿAṭṭār's theory, the realization of spiritual perfection depends on three elements: "Divine grace", "spiritual leader" and "human striving". Among these, divine grace is more important.
Language:
Persian
Published:
Religions & Mysticism, Volume:52 Issue: 2, 2020
Pages:
261 to 281
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