Association between Sleep Duration and Quality with Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between sleep disorders and gestational diabetes. In this study, the relationship between the quality and quantity of sleep and the incidence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women was assessed. In this case-control study, the quality and quantity of sleep in pregnant women attended to the Perinatology clinic at Yas Hospital, Tehran, Iran between June 2016 to September 2017 and its relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus was assessed. In this research, 3000 pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled. Gestational diabetes screening test was initially performed on Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) with administration of 50 gr of glucose. For abnormal cases, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with administration of 100 gr of glucose after an overnight fasting (8-10 hours) was requested. According to the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) diagnosis criteria based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA), women were divided into two groups of case and control (290 diabetic cases and 2710 non-diabetic cases). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the participants’ demographic information were collected. Ultimately, 290 of 3,000 women in the study, based on the ADA criteria were diabetic and non-diabetic patients were 2710 women. Sleep quality in the diabetic mothers was significantly worse than non-diabetic mothers and the duration of sleep of them was higher than non-diabetic mothers (p<0.05). Quality and quantity of sleep can be associated with the incidence of gestational diabetes and diabetic mothers have worse sleep quality and longer sleep times than non-diabetic mothers.