Identification of suitable sites for landfill wastes of temporary settlement areas after the earthquake crisis using Particle swarm optimization method

Our country has experienced flood and earthquakes in most cities, due to its location in the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt, with varying climates which they are so destructive. The earthquake is considered as a harmful natural hazard that affect human society around the world, and is extremely dangerous because it cannot be foreseen and its energy can be freed at any time, and is classified in the catastrophe. This disaster is quite probable in Tehran since it is surrounded by powerful faults. So, by considering the fact that it is the most crowded city in Iran with heavily populated areas, and its importance in terms of political and economic issues, there is a vital need for devising appropriate plans for the period of after earthquake. Waste landfill after a destructive earthquake is one of the most important environmental, health and humanitarian problems in the crisis response process. And because it is not predictable and its energy may be freed at any moment, it is very dangerous and placed in the classification of catastrophe.. Given that, after evacuating people from residential areas, the damaged people usually live in temporary accommodation, so there should be more places than the pre-crisis situation to land the waste. Given the temporary nature of these sites and the environmental impacts of these sites, it is necessary to introduce an optimal location. Given the temporary nature of these sites and the environmental impacts of these sites, it is necessary to introduce an optimal location. The purpose of this paper in the first step is finding suitable areas for the temporary accommodation after earthquake for the damaged people, and in the second step, Optimization of suitable places for waste landfill. The main innovation of this paper is the application of particle mass optimization (pso) algorithm in introducing temporary landfill sites. For this purpose, firstly, suitable places for temporary accommodation were determined by determining the relevant criteria, weighing them by the Fuzzy-OWA and the combining layers using weighted overlap method. Suitable landfill sites were selected according to the urban extension process. The results show that according to the three modes, OR, AND and WLC, on average, sites of 5 and 10 are suitable places for landfill. Also, the most suitable landfill sites are located west of Tehran. But due to the physical expansion of Tehran to the west and southwest in recent decades, the winds from the west and the presence of high and mountainous areas in the north of this city and the probability of further rainfall in these areas, in general, the areas in the south and Southeast of Tehran, will be more suitable for landfill, because by creating burial places in the west of Tehran, due to urban physical expansion, there are many problems, including environmental and economic problems. Therefore, sites 9, 10 and 11 located west of Tehran have been eliminated from the options. And among other sites, the most suitable site for landfill site is 5. And sites 1, 5 and 4, respectively, are prioritized for landfill.