Comparison of the nutrients and chemical composition of Allium jesdianum Boiss & ‎Buhse in the habitats and field

Allium jesdianum is an important and endangered medicinal plant that main habitats are located in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. In this study, onion of three ecotypes including Kakareza, Zalaghi and Meleh, which are grown in different geographical and climate conditions in Lorestan province, were collected. The collected onions were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the spring of the next year, plants are grown on the field and natural habitats were sampled to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil, soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth in each of the habitats and the farm, with three replications. The characteristics included quantitative and qualitative of essential oils, antioxidant activity total protein, vitamin C, non-structural sugars, and nutritional elements (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of the shoots. The results showed that Dimethyl Trisulfide, Dipropyl trisulfide, Di-2-propenyl tetrasulfide, Hexadecanoic acid, and Pentacosane are the major components of the Allium jesdianum essential oil. The percentage of essential oil components was a significant difference (p<0.01) between wild and cultivated ecotypes. The maximum yield of essential oil (0.22%) was observed in wild plants from Mela habitat, and the minimume yield of essential oil (12.2%) was recorded in wild plants from Zalaghi habitat. Although the essential oil yield was significantly different between wild ecotypes, but there are no significant differences between these ecotypes at the farm. The highest amount of phosphorus (4.5 mg/g DW), zinc (2.3 μg/g DW), manganese (2.46 μg/g DW), non-structural sugars (45.66 mg/g DW), and total protein (8.83 mg/g DW) was observed in the cultivated ecotype of Meleh. Kakareza ecotype in habitat had the highest amount of vitamin C (80.66 mg/100 g FW) and antioxidant activity (IC50=42 μg/mL).