Application of chemical research in the fields of biology and education: Platinum (II), Platinum (IV) and Gold (III) complexes for the treatment of cancer

Education and research in the field of biology requires other basic sciences, especially chemistry. Understanding the chemical structure of biological molecules and their reactions is essential to the treatment of disease. Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the body that was previously healthy. To prevent the growth of cancer cells, the drugs used should prevent their growth by interacting with the DNA of these cells. The first drug that was introduced as an anticancer drug is diamminedichloroplatinum(II) or cisplatin complex. This complex loses its chlorine atoms in the body and is converted to diamindihydroxoplatinium(II). Subsequently, due to its flat square structure, in the vicinity of the DNA of the cancer cells, the quenched hydroxide anions of platinum(II) cations with N7 atoms are displaced by adjacent guanine bands and, after DNA binding to these cells, prevents their growth. Platinum(IV) complexes are more stable than platinum(II) complexes, and in the biological environment they become platinum(II) in the presence of ascorbic acid and glutamic acid, and quaternized by cellular DNA, like cisplatin. Also, the functions of gold(III) complexes for eliminate cancer cells is like cisplatin.