Correlation of Stigma with Self-compassion in Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Patients with bipolar disorder are faced with the phenomenon of stigma. On the other hand, self-compassion plays a key role in the improvement of their mental health. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between stigma and self-compassion in patients with bipolar disorder.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 patients with bipolar disorder hospitalized in Iran Psychiatric Center in Tehran, Iran. The patients were selected via continuous sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire of demographic data and validated, reliable scales of stigma and self-compassion. Data analysis was performed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation-coefficient, independent t-test, and ANOVA).

The mean scores of stigma and self-compassion were 77.03±7.06 and 77.57±4.47, respectively. Pearson's correlation-coefficient showed no significant correlation between stigma and self-compassion in the patients (P=0.301; r=-0.073). On the other hand, significant correlations were observed between the dimensions of discrimination (P=0.030; r=-0.153), disclosure (P=0.045; r=-0.142), and positive aspects of stigma with the isolation dimension of self-compassion (P=0.034; r=-0.150), which was an inverse, weak correlation as reduced isolation was associated with increased stigma in these dimensions. Moreover, significant correlations were denoted between the number of family member, age, and family history of mental disorders with stigma (P<0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between the demographic characteristics and self-compassion.

The results indicated no significant correlation between stigma and self-compassion. However, significant associations were observed between the dimensions of stigma with the isolation dimension of self-compassion, which were inversely and significantly correlated. Therefore, it could be concluded that as the patients further perceived the dimensions of discrimination, disclosure, and positive aspects of stigma, they were more inclined toward isolation. Stigma is an inherent cultural element in the community, which is so strong and complex that even high self-compassion could not diminish its effects.