Evaluation of the Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections and their Antibiotic Resistance in one of the military hospitals affiliated Army Medical University during 2018-2019

The prevalence of nosocomial infections is increasing and emerging of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with nosocomial infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was Evaluation of the prevalence of nosocomial infections and determine antibiotic resistance in different parts of Imam Reza Hospital.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital during 1396 and 1397. Each of the patients in different wards of the hospital with nosocomial infections was enrolled. Data about patients’ age, sex, site of infection, ward of hospitalization and culture's report were collected. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method. Data analysis were done by SPSS version 16 to compute descriptive and analytical statistics.

Of 14517 patients that were investigated, 250 (%1/7) had nosocomial infections. The incidence rate was (%1/7). The Urinary Trach infection(%36/8) was the most common nosocomial infection followed by VAP(Ventilator associated pneumonia)(%23/6) and PNEU-PNV(%15/6). The most frequently isolated organisms from all sites of infections were Klebsiella (%32/4), Sitrobacter (%27/6) and Escherichia coli (%24). Three of pathogens had high resistance to third and fourth cephalosporin, Fluoroquinolones, Inhibitor beta-lactamase, Macrolides, Carbapenems. Three of them also was resistant to Vancomycin % 100.

Multi-drug resistance in different microorganisms of this study was high. The emergence of Sitrobacter bacteria as a common microorganism with high antibiotic resistance in this study may indicate a new change in the prevalence of microorganisms in this hospital and is a serious warning.