Nowadays application of antimicrobial compounds from plant resources are increasing. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a medicinal plant from Ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The aim of this research was to assess antimicrobial activity of Turmeric essential oil (TEO) alone and in combination with therapeutic antibiotic using disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on some standard pathogenic strains “in vitro”.
In this experimental study, TEO extracted in Clevenger apparatus using water distillation method and efficiency calculated based on w/w percentage. Diameter of inhibition zone of TEO on pathogenic bacteria using disk diffusion agar and well diffusion agar. The MIC and MBC were evaluated using microdilution broth and pour plate methods. Interaction of TEO in combination with gentamicin and chloramphenicol was measured by sub-MIC. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan test.
Extraction efficiency of TEO were 1%. Results showed that the highest antimicrobial effect of TEO belonged to gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone of 13.10 mm. in combination state, TEO showed synergistic effect with gentamicin and chloramphenicol on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua and antagonistic effect was seen with Escherichia coli. The MIC of TEO for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua were 50, 50, 200, 25 and 200 mg/ml respectively.
Results showed that TEO alone and in combination with therapeutic antibiotics has antimicrobial effect to pathogenic strains. In combination state TEO antibacterial activity was significantly increased.
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