Production of Recombinant Proteins through Viral Vector Engineering

Production of recombinant proteins has been the most important achievements of biotechnology and genetic engineering in recent years. Therefore, there is a great demand to the production of recombinant proteins for treatment and diagnosis. Researchers are trying to develop different transgenic models for the production of these drugs today. Since it can be expressed a foreign gene in different host systems, therefore finding a system with high yield and safety is necessary. Among the systems developed for the production of recombinant proteins it can be referred to bacteria, yeast, plants and animals. Choosing the type of expression system for the production of each recombinant protein is important. There are several methods for gene transfer and production of transgenic products, but all the methods are not efficient genetically engineered crops. Today, one of the most effective and widely used tools for gene transfer is virus-derived vectors. Virus-derived vectors have been an interest to researchers because of their ability to integrate genes into host cells. The deletion of some basic and structural protein-coding genes from viruses was separately improved by helper vectors. For packing the virus particle, it was used of the packing cells, enhancing the safety of these vectors. Among virus-derived vectors, lentiviral-derived vectors are one of the most powerful and widely used vectors available. So far, three generations of lentiviral-derived vectors were designed, so that each generation is containing the higher bio-safety compared to the previous generation.