Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized societies. A wide range of clinical symptoms such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death are visible in respective patients. The genetic basis and heritability of the disease has recently been identified by examining family lineages in patients. However, understanding the genetic causes of coronary artery disease due to the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and the pathophysiological processes involved is very complex due to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. This review article explains the heterogeneity factors involved in coronary artery disease for a better explanation of genetic studies which can lead to a better understanding of the inherited mechanisms of the disease. Such studies could reveal the association of common variants in candidate genes as well as the association of a large number of effective gene loci with the risk of coronary heart disease. Large-scale gene sequencing and applied studies provide a better understanding of the biological risk factors and help better understand the biology of the disease and provide valuable insights into new therapeutic approaches. In addition, such review studies make it possible to conduct genetic tests with a medical approach to identify subgroups of patients at risk for coronary artery disease and use them for prevention and treatment purposes.
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