An Investigation and Review of the Juridical Interpretation of Heba: Subject of Article 915 of Civil Law of Iran

Heba (exceptional gift of an estate belonging to the first-born male) is one of the individualized issues of Shi'a jurisprudence. The Holy book, ring, sword, and clothes of the deceased are of the examples of Hebas that are freely and out of obligation given to the oldest consanguine male child. In order for Heba to be transferred, four conditions must be met: lack of monopoly of heirloom to Hebas, Lack of debt in the heirloom, no will for premises of Hebas, not considering the heritage of the oldest boy. The relation of the oldest boy to the Hebas is as ownership. Therefore, it is obligatory for the heirs to pass the ownership of Heba to the oldest boy. The ownership of Heba is forcible and does not need the acceptance of the oldest boy. The civil law has concidered Heba in article 915. This article has many ambiguities about Heba and proper response should be provided with a consideration of jurisprudence in correspondence to time. The present research pursues the same objective.