the concept of law and order in the view of the Achaemenids (Case Study: Darius's view in Bistoon Inscription)

Law and order has played a key role for Iranians throughout history, and one of the most important duties of the rulers of this land has been to maintain law and order.  The Achaemenid Empire was the first and largest kingdom in the world, which was considered an ideal model for many governments.  This study tries to clarify what the Achaemenids understood from the concept of order, law and disorder, and considering Darius's victory in managing crises and establishing lasting order, how they made the law and order inclusive and stable .  At the beginning, a summary of Darius's account on the suppression of revolts, is given in Bistoon's inscription then by examining and explaining the concepts of order, security, lies, truth, disobedience and law, it becomes clear that these concepts were among the most important socio-political categories of the time.  The Achaemenids have been successful and capable to manage the most extensive government in history and to establish the necessary law and order  at both theoretical and executive levels and mechanisms of law and order.