Evaluation of the Effects of Thorne-apple and Henbane on Egg Hatching and Mortality of Juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most important group of plant parasitic nematodes in terms of economic damage to agricultural products. Biological control is one of the new and environmentally friendly methods to control of these pathogens. One way of biological control of nematodes is the use of anti-nematode plants. In the present study, the effect of Datura stramonium, Datura metel and Hyoscyamus niger extracts was evaluated against native nematode population of Meloidogyne javanica. Evaluations were based on the effect of extracts on nematode egg hatching and mortality of second stage juveniles (J2s) in laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the plants were cultured in the phytotron and the leaves of grown plants were harvested and dried. The aquatic extracts of powdered leaves (1gr to 30ml) were prepared and different concentrations of each extract were used to evaluate the rate of hatching and mortality of J2s. In terms of the effect of extracts on nematode egg hatching, all three plants were had inhibitory effects. High concentrations of the extract was more effective, so that the 50% concentration had the best effect in reducing hatching and the concentration of 25% had also good effect. The effect of extracts on the mortality of J2s was also significant, and all three plants, caused a significant percentage of J2 mortality compared with control, especially at higher concentrations. Of these, the concentration of 25% of all three plants had an appropriate inhibitory effect on J2s death. In another experiment, the effect of these extracts on seed germination of tomato (Super Strain B) was examined. Different concentrations of extracts were placed in sterile petri dishes covered with sterile filter paper and the seeds were placed inside them. The percentage of seed germination was recorded within a week. In general, it can be said that the extract of the plants had no negative effect on the germination of tomato seeds.