Field Survey Aassessment of River Bank Erosion and Effective Factors; Case study: Dinavar River, Kermanshah Province, Iran

Rivers are eco-hydrological dynamic systems contribute to agriculture, industry and tourism activities as well as environmental sustainable. However, rivers and their flow are impacted and contaminated through landuse change, urban sludge, agricultural waste, reservoir dam building and drought impacts. The objective of this research was to assess factors affecting the catchment landuse change and riverside plant removal seven different reaches of Dinavar river (upper sub-catchment of Karkheh basin), Kermanshah province, Iran during 2016-18. The results explored that due to dominant clay and silt deposits of Quaternary in the plain areas, meander and riparian are the dominant morphology in four reaches improper sand and gravel harvesting and converting river bank and its groves (willow and spruce) to arable lands cause development of Tamarix. Sp and some unpalatable plant species in the river bed and furthermore river bank erosion. In these reaches, the river is contaminated by disposal of rubbish, plastic, animal manure and agricultural waste. In upper River branched, severe soil disturbance through improper civil activities, road construction and up-down the slope tillage practice attributed in considerable siltation phenomenon which quickly delivered to river system by runoff during rainfall occurrence. The upper reach (upper Jamishan Dam that was built in 2018) urban and industrial wastes are main river water pollutant sources. It is concluded that the Dinavar river morphology is changed and its water also is contaminated through improper tillage practice (up to down slope), landuse change, improper civil activities, local tourism as well as waste, and rabbles disposal that are being accelerated.