Spectral Look at Science: ‎A Solution to the Debate of Commercialization of Scientific Research

The debate of commercialization of scientific research is all of arguments, theories and ideas written ‎in ‎defending or rejecting this contemporary phenomenon in management of science and technology. A review ‎of ‎this debate in Iran and the world shows that most scholars has assumed the space ‎of scientific research to ‎be ‎similar and homogeneous; allowing one general rule to all kind of ‎researches. In this paper, we show ‎their ‎presupposition is not correct. The space of scientific research is heterogeneous and the kinds of ‎scientific ‎researches can be drawn in a spectrum from fundamental to applied. The economic characteristics of ‎science ‎such as excludability, rivalry, indeterminacy and divisibility change by moving on this spectrum. We ‎formulate ‎one possible answer to the debate of commercialization of scientific researches, by ‎using the ‎achieved ‎comments, spectral look at science and changing economic characteristics.‎ The using method is ‎philosophical-theoretical analysis. The analyses in this paper show that ‎although the government should entrust ‎financing of a part of ‎scientific researches to the invisible hand of ‎market, it must intervene in the spectrum ‎of ‎fundamental and compensate for market failure.‎