Morphology of several animal allegories in Hadiqat Sanaei based on the theory of Vladimir Propp

Morphology is a new and structuralist approach to the study of literature, and the Russian anthropologist Vladimir Propp should be considered the initiator of this scientific method. The use of allegory as a rhetorical industry and method of reasoning is a fundamental method in Iranian mystical literature. This practice, which has been common in Iranian literature for a long time, has started from Sanai poems. Examining mystical allegories from a "morphological" point of view allows for a comprehensive literary, social, and mystical analysis of them and provides an opportunity to examine the application of allegory in mystical literature in a purely scientific manner. In the present study, while expressing and examining the types of allegory, we try to analyze its constituent elements according to Propp's model in order to explain Sanai's allegorical expression based on the self-works that Propp introduces for fictional elements.