Prediction of Preventive Behaviors of Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Primary eye care is the most important element in the prevention of retinopathy. The present study aimed to assess the prevention of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients, based on the theory of planned behavior.

This descriptive analytical study of need assessment was carried out on 94 random patients with type 2 diabetes, who were referred to a diabetes clinic in Arak. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire, based on the theory of planned behavior, as well as fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tests. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.

The mean age of the patients was 58.35±7.55 years, and the mean time from diagnosis was 8.1±4.15 years. The mean and standard deviation of FBS and HbA1c were 161.1±34.72 and 7.38±1.435, respectively.There was a significant correlation between perceived behavioral control (r=0.38, P=0.001) and HbA1c level in patients (r=0.41, P=0.001), while there was no significant correlation with FBS. Considering the linear regression of attitude constructs, behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control explained 28% of variance in behavior.

By assessing the factors influencing the behavior of diabetic patients to prevent retinopathy, implementation of empowerment programs based on self-management behaviors is suggested in diabetic patients.