The effect of Allium Sativum with four weeks of incremental training on the response of some oxidative factors to a single session of acute exercise in well-trained wrestlers

An imbalance between the production of free radicals and active oxygen species on the one hand and the bodychr('39')s antioxidant defense on the other leads to oxidative stress. This phenomenon plays a major role in the occurrence of various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease and various cancers and also causes damage to many macromolecules at the cellular level. Also, an unbalanced production in the amount of active oxygen species during increased sports activities leads to disruption in the balance of oxidants and antioxidants and as a result, cell membrane destruction and reaction with genetic material can lead to decreased athletic performance and in the long run causes tissue damage and the occurrence of various diseases. High-intensity exercise increases the amount of neutrophils in skeletal muscle and causes oxidative stress. Serum neutrophil levels can rise immediately after exercise. in this condition, the antioxidant defense system including the s catalase enzyme (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxides, known as enzymatic antioxidants take action. In this regard extensive studies regarding the effect of different types of Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in controlling or mitigating some indicators related to the phenomenon of oxidative stress, including SOD; As an antioxidant index and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidation index have been done. Although there are some conflicting reports; But not only aerobic exercise produces free radicals, also strenuous physical exercise produces free radicals in skeletal muscle and other body tissues. In general, it can be said that increasing exercise in the long run can lead to increasing oxidative stress and ultimately a decrease in athletic performance. In wrestling, wrestlers are exposed to oxidative stress due to intense long-term training. This can lead to decreasing athletic performance and occurrence of health problems. In recent years, one of the pharmacological interventions to deal with oxidative stress is the use of garlic supplements. Organic compounds in garlic including; Allicin, Alline and the enzyme alliinase have very strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. On the other hand, most studies in this field have examined the short-term effects of garlic supplementation and the longer-term effects of taking this supplement have not been studied. This research seeks to explore the question that whether concomitant use of garlic supplement in a four-week period of increasing wrestling training affect the response of some oxidative factors to an acute training session in well-trained wrestlers?

The study was performed in the form of two-group semi experimental projects (intervention and quasi-drug) with repeated measurements (four stages) in the form of double Blind. The statistical population of the present study was 20 wrestlers from Qom province who were selected as a statistical sample from 65 eligible volunteers. The training program for all participants (intervention and placebo groups) consisted of six training sessions per week and an average of 90 minutes per session during 4 weeks. And the intensity of training was 70 to 90% based on the percentage of maximum heart rate. Subjects took 3, 300 mg Garcin capsules daily for 4 weeks, each containing 1.1 g of Aluminum satium and 3, 300 mg starch capsules in the control group (placebo) after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Each time 5 ml of blood sample, in four stages (two stages before and after training, before supplementation and two stages before and after training after supplementation) from the left forearm vein of the subjects was prepared. After that, samples serum was separated by a hermle z310 centrifuge made in Germany (3500 rpm for 10 minutes). For the next steps, the samples were placed at a temperature of minus 70 ° C. Superoxide dismutase was measured by spectrophotometer with ELISA kit, total antioxidant capacity was measured by colorimetric method using kit of German company Bioker and serum malondialdehyde based on reaction with thiobarbiotic acid and fluorimeter. In addition, all stages of the study in the standard conditions and also before blood sampling, the subjectschr('39') daily diets using a 24-hour feeding recall were controlled. Finally, for statistical analysis, first the normality of data distribution was investigated using Shapiro-Wilk test. Intragroup differences used dependent t and intergroup used independent t. All statistical operations and analyzes were performed at a significance level of less than 0.05 using SPSS statistical software version 24 and Excel 2016 program.

Comparison of the mean difference of SOD changes in response to an acute training session, before and after the supplementation period, showed a significant increase in both supplement (p=0.001) and placebo (p=0.002) groups. In comparison between groups changes in SOD in the post-supplementation phase showed a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.0001). But there was no significant difference in TAC index between the two groups (p=0.124). And MDA changes showed a significant decrease in both supplement (p=0.0001) and placebo (p=0.007) groups. Also, in comparison between groups, these changes in the post-supplementation phase, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.0001).

The results of the present study show a comparison of the mean difference between the SOD and MDA index changes in response to an acute training session, before and after the supplementation period, increasing in the SOD index and decreasing in the MDA index in both complementary and placebo groups. However, the difference observed in the supplement group is not significant. Also, in the intergroup comparison of changes in SOD and MDA index in the post-supplementation period, a significant difference was observed between the two groups. But changes in TAC index did not show a significant difference between the two groups.Therefore, it can be concluded that taking aluminum-satium supplement in wrestlers reduces the MDA oxidant index and increases the SOD antioxidant index. However, according to the results, aluminum-satium supplementation has the greatest effect on reducing the MDA oxidant index because in the control group, this index has increased despite the decrease. It also has the least effect on TAC supplementation as it does not increase this index and only prevents it from decreasing. As a result, the use of this supplement can be recommended to wrestlers so that they can use it to improve recovery and prevent oxidant damage. In a general conclusion, according to the results obtained from the peroxidation and oxidation index, it can be said that the need for further research in this field, with different training protocols and the use of different doses of aluminum-satium supplement, in comparison between different sports is felt.