Investigation of DME/DME as an Appropriate Backup for GNSS Systems in Iranian Airports

Today, all world's aviation organizations, including ICAO, are looking for solutions to airspace shortage, growth of global air traffic, and safety of flights. Performance based navigation (PBN), which is a transition from System-Base to Performance-Base Navigation is a solution that can improve the problems caused by an increase in the number of flights and complexity of air routes. PBN flight plans are implemented through RNP and RNAV. To use these designs, FMS receivers have several input sensors. The most important GNSS input sensor continuously supports PBN operations. However, GNSS services are disable due to atmospheric effects and human-made noise. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with use of DME as an alternative source for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) in the absence of GNSS services.