A Study of Similarities between Rhetoric (Ilmu ma’ani) and Halliday’s Systematic Functional Grammar by emphasis on Saadi’s boostan

Ilmo-ma-ani - as one of the branches of the Islamic rhetoric- and for having the common features with western rhetoric, has also many similarities with linguistic and the literary contemporary criticism. Totally, existence of the subjects such as: discourse elegance, defects interrupting the elegance, intentions and secondary use of the discourse, study of the structure and context of the sentence and discourse in Ilmo-ma-ani reveal this knowledge similarities and its relations with three important branches of the linguistic: phonology, syntax, semantics, in the other words because Ilmo-ma-ani sees the literary works with a grammatical- rhetorical point of view, so this kind of view  connects this knowledge to the linguistic especially linguistic criticism. M. A. Halliday is one of the renowned researchers of the school of linguistics in Britain whose “systematic functional grammar” (SFG) has many similarities with rhetorical discussions of “Xabar”, “Insha”, “connotative meaning” … of Ilm-ol-Ma’a: ni. This paper discusses the similarities deals based on Saadi’s boostan.