A Comparative Study of Modernization and Modernism in Iran and Japan in the 19th Century From a comparative perspective

At the same time , with the colonial invasion of West Asia in the 19th century , the countries of the continent achieved modernization of their institutions and structures , which both Persia and Japan were excluded . Nevertheless , both countries resorted to modernization and reform by government officials or " revolution from above " for a variety of reasons , including the weakness of the newly built forces and classes in the pre - capitalist society . Unlike Iran , Japan has succeeded in experiencing a development and revolution transition from the top by leading the state within the framework of capitalism . the main necessity of this study is to answer the main concern of thinkers , political activists and researchers interested in development issues in iran . The main question in this paper is why Iran failed to advance modernization and reform in comparison to Japan , which has a successful pattern in this regard . It seems that the main causes of Japan 's success in rebuilding from the top in comparison to Iran in the institutions and political structures - the feudal social structures inherited from the government , and the reasons for the failure of reconstruction from the top in Iran in the patriarchal political - political structures of the past , which led to the historical weakness of the new ones in this country and the lack of reform of reform by these classes to the original and inclusive modernity .