Comparative Analysis of the View of Traditional Medicine (Mansuri, Ibn Sina, Jorjani) and Modern Medicine about Skull

Millions of people go to the emergency department annually because of a brain injury caused by an accident, a fight, a high jump, or a sports injury. Since having information about anatomy helps in understanding diseases and treating them, in this article, we aim to make a comparison between anatomical descriptions in traditional medicine and modern medicine on skeletal and facial bones and muscles. This study was a review-descriptive study conducted on the books of traditional medicine including zakhire-e kharazmshahi, Tashrih - Mansuri, Canon, Hidayat al-Mutaallimin, and anatomy of Abdolvahab Tafreshi. Subsequently, Gray's and Snell's anatomy textbooks were compared. In the end, comparatively, differences and similarities were discussed.  Anatomical information indicates that in the field of anatomy the names of the bones and muscles of the skulls have been carefully and delicately expressed by the well-known Iranian physicians, and there is a great deal of agreement between the two schools, demonstrating their knowledge of wisdom and accuracy to fully understand the body. Therefore, it emphasizes the need for more use of traditional medicine books by a modern physician. This information came at a time when physicians did not have access to diagnostic devices such as ultrasound, radiology, etc. The invention of numerous surgical instruments at that time, many of which are still used in operating rooms confirms the claim that anatomical information was obtained through surgery.