Sociological analysis of strategies for dealing with the issue of women's veil (hijab) during the nationalization of the oil industry

Abstract This article analyzes the role of "hijab" in the orientation of active political and social forces in the movement of nationalizing the oil industry in the late twentieth decade (1941-1951). The twentieth century, and especially the evolutions of the late decade, are influenced by two categories of international and national trends: First, the "colonial turn", and the emergence of a new world order after World War II, as well as the Islamic revival as a result of the decline of national monarchies in Islamic countries, And second, the revival of the repressed social and political forces after Reza Khan's ouster, and the revision of the political and social strategies of the modern nationalist forces to overcome the crisis of legitimacy resulting from Reza Khan's authoritarian nationalism. The article will indicate how the issue of women has evolved amid the controversy over oil and elections in the evolutions of the last decade, and will explain three strategies for the issue of hijab among political and social forces: The strategy of political ignorance of hijab, the strategy of social ineffectiveness of hijab, and the strategy of obligating hijab. In this article, for data extraction, the sources and positions of the National Front of Iran, the Tudeh Party of Iran, the Islamic Mojahedin Society and the Jamiat Fadaiyan-e-Islam have been referred to, and first-hand historical and oral history sources have been used.