Place and the legal value of limitations of the constitutional revision; A comparative study

Following the victory of the constitutionalism movement in the 18th century and the formation of constitutional political systems, gradually democratic constitutions enacted, as a kind of state statute and the document of legal legitimacy to obtain and transfer political power, guarantee and protect human rights. However, the later challenge was the continuity of validity and the possibility of modifying and changing the constitution. Despite the primary recognition of this right for citizens and the possibility of changing the constitution (instead of the right to revolt), in many current constitutions, certain rules were excluded from the possibility of revision. The main challenge has been the possibility or impossibility of amending the foundations of the constitution and the legal effect of the limitations of revision. Some countries have not considered any restrictions on the revision of the Constitution, while others have contained restrictions for the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms, especially on their political participation in power (the prohibition of the deformation of the republic). As an intermediate solution, in some other countries the possibility of a general revision of the constitution, or a revision of the restrictions, is provided in the constitution by an independent and special procedure. Concerning the supervision of the revision, except for a few countries, this is not explicitly provided in the constitutions. However, about the revision's procedure, in most countries, the constitutional judg emphasized considering the formal conditions of the revision. In any case, it seems, the legal or practical impossibility of amending the constitution, in whole or in part, could be considered as a kind of invitation to change the political system by other means.