The Study of Companions’ Reactions Concerning the Distribution of Plunders of Battles

Migration to Medina and revelation of Jihad verses led to the fundamental changes in regard with the concept of plunder or spoils of war and the observation of different reactions among the companions. Taking advantage of the descriptive-analytical approach, the ancient historical sources, Qur’anic interpretations and behavioral studies, the present article is to classify the Battles in the age of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), study the companions’ behavior towards the spoils of war, analyze the reasons of their different reactions and present answer for them. The findings of this research illuminate that the disagreement between the companions in regard with the distribution of plunders in the Battle of Badr could be related to their ignorant beliefs and their avidity toward the spoils of war led to their failure in the Battle of Uhud. Moreover, in punitive and retaliatory Battles with the villain, being avaricious toward the spoils of war was not observed among Ansar and Mohajer while in preventive Battles, Ansar collectively objected in time of the distribution of benefits due to their personal benefits. These objections can be observed among feudists due to the lack of heartfelt beliefs towards the religious values as well as voracity towards the mundane world and among new Muslims due to no internalization of the Islamic beliefs.