Effect of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi on blood metabolites and histophatology of liver and kidney in male Wistar rat under dexamethasone-induced stress

In stress condition, the blood corticoides increases which can affect general health of body as well as the function of some vital organs such as liver and kidneys. Consumption of herbal antioxidants may improve metabolic defects caused by stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Foeniculum vulgare and  Trachyspermum ammi essenses on blood metabolites and histopathological damages which is created by dexamethasone due to stress induction. Total of 40 mature Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to 5 treatments: 1- No stress, without supplementation, 2- Stress, whitout supplementation, 3- Stress, with receiving Foeniculum vulgare essense, 4- Stress, with receiving Trachyspermum ammi essense, 5- Stress, with receiving both of Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi essense. Dexamethasone injection was done for stress induction and essential oils of  Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi and the mixture of them were gavaged. At the end, the blood samples were collected and then the samples of liver and kidneys were prepared. Stress induction, increased ALT and AST activities, but, feeding each essential oil and the mixture decreased activities of these enzymes. By treatment of Foeniculum vulgare, liver tissue vacuoles decreased significantly as well as edema and fat accumulation. In the stress group, hydropic degeneration and water accumulation were observed in cytoplasm of the tubular cells, but in Foeniculum vulgare treatment group kidney glomerului had normal appearance and cells edema significantly decreased. Treatment of herbal essential oils (especially foeniculum vulgare) had positive effect on liver and kidney health recovery and prevented from tissue damages due to stress induction in rat.